Eighth-graders learn to read and understand essays, speeches, biographies, and other types of historical, scientific, and technical material. Students also read and understand a wide range of literature, such as stories, plays, and poems from across cultures and time periods. In writing and class discussions, eighth-graders continue to gather information from multiple sources, and evaluate whether the sources are credible and accurate. Students write both short, focused compositions, and longer papers that involve research, reflection, and revision over time.
Reading & writing
Rich and challenging texts
Read rich and challenging eighth-grade level texts closely, proficiently, and independently.
Some sample texts for eighth-graders:
- "Little Women" by Louisa May Alcott
- "Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad" by Rosemary Sutcliff
- "The Diary of Anne Frank: A Play" by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett
- “The Book of Questions” by Pablo Neruda
- “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: Address to Parliament on May 13th, 1940” by Winston Churchill
- "Math Trek: Adventures in the Math Zone" by Ivars Peterson and Nancy Henderson
Citing evidence
Cite evidence that best supports what a literary or informational text says, as well as what it implies or suggests.
Analyzing themes
Analyze the way an author develops the theme or central idea of a text, noting how the characters, setting, and plot are connected. Summarize the text objectively.
Outlining arguments
Outline the argument and specific claims in a text. Evaluate whether the reasoning is sound and whether there is enough relevant and meaningful evidence to support the claims. Note when evidence may be irrelevant or misleading.
Understanding vocabulary
Read and understand eighth-grade vocabulary, and determine how an author’s word choices, including the use of analogies and allusion, impact the meaning and tone of a text.
- An analogy is a comparison of two different things that have some similarities. (When your child moved to town, they were a fish out of water.)
- An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event. (He has a Midas touch is a reference to the Greek myth of King Midas, whose touch turned everything to gold.)
Tip: Discuss outside sources.
Most stories, written or media-based, are full of allusions, or references to outside knowledge. Parents can play a big role in helping their child understand the connections these allusions are making. Discuss these outside references and how you think they add to the understanding and enjoyment of the story in question.
Learning new words and phrases
Use different strategies to understand new words and phrases; for example, use context as a clue; use common Greek and Latin roots as a clue; consult a dictionary online or in print.
- Examples of common Greek roots: biblio (book) as in bibliography; therm (heat) as in thermometer.
- Examples of common Latin roots: aqua (water), as in aquarium; cent (hundred), as in century.
Making supported arguments
Write arguments that state a claim, differentiate the claim from alternate or opposing views, and support the claim with reasons and evidence from accurate and credible sources.
Informative papers
Write informative or explanatory papers that examine a topic and express ideas by carefully selecting and analyzing information. Use facts, details, and other information to develop the topic.
Creating stories
Write stories or narratives about real or imaginary experiences. Establish a context and point of view, and develop story elements such as characters, a well-sequenced plot, and descriptive details.
Including evidence
Include evidence from text to support thinking and research.
Tip: Suggest writing projects.
Suggest some writing projects for your child that would be of interest to the entire family. Perhaps he could research and write about some aspect of your family’s history, using personal interviews, books, and online information. He could share what he writes with other family members.
Producing and publishing
Use technology to produce and publish writing, and to work with others on writing.
Basic rules of English
Use basic rules of English grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling in written work.
- For example, use a comma, dash, or ellipsis (…) to indicate a pause.
- Use verbs in the active and passive voices (Active: He is eating chicken. Passive: Chicken is being eaten by him.)
Listening & speaking
Class discussion
Participate in class discussions about complex eighth-grade topics, texts, and issues. Be prepared to refer to evidence in a text when discussing ideas, and be open to explaining and modifying a viewpoint in response to the ideas of others.
Evaluating Others' arguments
Listen to another speaker’s argument and evaluate whether the claims are based on sound reasoning and evidence, identifying evidence that is irrelevant or unrelated.
Giving a presentation
Give a well-organized presentation to construct an argument or explain a research finding, highlighting the key points and supporting with evidence clearly.
Tip: Encourage accurate descriptions.
Word precision becomes more important as teens move through middle and high school. Encourage your child to regularly describe items, locations, and events to you. Identify words that you find vague in these descriptions and ask him to think of better, more descriptive, or more accurate words to express what he is thinking.
Research & Inquiry
Research projects
Conduct short research projects to answer a research question, including a self-created question. Gather information from print and online sources, and generate additional questions for further exploration.
Locating information
Locate information efficiently; use effective search terms online.
Evaluating sources
Evaluate whether sources are accurate and can be trusted. Quote or paraphrase material correctly without plagiarizing or copying. Cite sources appropriately.
For tips to help your eighth-grader in English Language Arts class, check out our eighth grade English Language Arts tips page.
Parent Toolkit resources were developed by NBC News Learn with the help of subject-matter experts and align with the Common Core State Standards.